Richman C L, Mitchell D B, Reznick J S
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1979 Feb;5(1):13-8. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.5.1.13.
Two experiments were conducted to assess the extent of potential experimental demand characteristics inherent in the image-scanning paradigm. The results of the first "mental travel" experiment that pitted verbal versus imagery coding showed that (a) the positive correlation between physical distance and reaction time was replicated, and (b) when given a choice, subjects' reaction times varied as a function of verbal codes rather than imagery. To isolate the effects due to demand constraints from those produced by mode dominance, a nonexperiment in which subjects received only a description of the image-scanning procedure was conducted. Results demonstrated that subjects were capable of predicting the reaction time results for both verbal and imagery codes. The presence of experimental demand in the image-scanning paradigm necessitates caution when structural interpretations of visual images are considered.
进行了两项实验，以评估图像扫描范式中潜在的实验需求特征的程度。第一个“心理旅行”实验比较了言语编码与意象编码，结果表明：（a）物理距离与反应时间之间的正相关得到了重复验证；（b）当有选择时，受试者的反应时间随言语编码而非意象而变化。为了将需求限制产生的影响与模式主导产生的影响区分开来，进行了一项非实验，即只向受试者描述图像扫描程序。结果表明，受试者能够预测言语和意象编码的反应时间结果。在考虑对视觉图像进行结构解释时，图像扫描范式中实验需求的存在需要谨慎对待。
