Bull World Health Organ. 1966;34(2):211-22.
In recent years studies of the effectiveness of different typhoid vaccines have been sponsored by the World Health Organization in British Guiana, the USSR, and Yugoslavia. A similarly sponsored study has been made in Poland under the auspices of the Polish Typhoid Committee. In the controlled field trial four types of vaccine were used: (1) bacterial acetone-killed and -dried (vaccines K and P), (2) bacterial formol-killed phenol-preserved (vaccine N), (3) Westphal's endotoxin adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide (vaccine S), and (4) Grasset's vaccine (autolysate of typhoid bacilli adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide; vaccine T). The control vaccine was tetanus toxoid (vaccine O). Laboratory tests were also carried out.In children aged 5-14 years who received two inoculations, vaccine N was the most effective, followed by K; vaccine T was distinctly less effective. In people aged 15-60 years the small number of typhoid cases made evaluation difficult; however, vaccines N and P inoculated once afforded protection, whereas vaccine S imparted none.FURTHER STUDIES ARE DESIRABLE ON THE LABORATORY TESTING OF TYPHOID VACCINES: at present the H and O agglutination tests with sera of immunized rabbits, combined with an active mouse-protection test, can be recommended, provided that a standard typhoid vaccine is used for comparison.
近年来，世界卫生组织在英属圭亚那、苏联和南斯拉夫开展了不同伤寒疫苗有效性的研究。在波兰伤寒委员会的主持下，也进行了一项类似的研究。在对照现场试验中，使用了四种类型的疫苗：（1）细菌丙酮灭活干燥疫苗（疫苗K和P），（2）细菌甲醛灭活苯酚保存疫苗（疫苗N），（3）吸附于氢氧化铝的韦斯特法尔内毒素疫苗（疫苗S），以及（4）格拉塞疫苗（吸附于氢氧化铝的伤寒杆菌自溶物；疫苗T）。对照疫苗为破伤风类毒素（疫苗O）。还进行了实验室检测。在5至14岁接受两次接种的儿童中，疫苗N最有效，其次是疫苗K；疫苗T明显效果较差。在15至60岁的人群中，伤寒病例数量较少，难以进行评估；然而，接种一次疫苗N和P可提供保护，而疫苗S则无此效果。关于伤寒疫苗的实验室检测，需要进一步研究：目前，建议使用免疫兔血清进行H和O凝集试验，并结合活性小鼠保护试验，前提是使用标准伤寒疫苗进行比较。
