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伤寒疫苗在实验室及波兰一项对照现场试验中的评估。初步报告。

EVALUATION OF TYPHOID VACCINES IN THE LABORATORY AND IN A CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL IN POLAND. PRELIMINARY REPORT.

作者信息

BLAKE J B

出版信息

Bull World Health Organ. 1965;32(1):15-27.

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2555203/

Abstract

In 1961 a controlled field trial of anti-typhoid vaccines was carried out in 25 regions in Poland. Four types of vaccine were studied: (1) bacterial acetone-killed and -dried vaccine (two kinds), (2) bacterial formol-killed phenol-preserved vaccine, (3) Westphal's endotoxin adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide, and (4) Grasset's vaccine (autolysate of typhoid bacilli adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide). The control vaccine was tetanus toxoid. A total of 690 655 persons received two inoculations. Prior to the field trial, laboratory tests were carried out on the vaccines, postvaccinal reactions were studied, and a serological examination was made of randomly selected blood samples. The vaccination was followed by a two-year survey of cases of typhoid and other diseases. Among children aged 5-14 years, the formol-killed phenol-preserved vaccine was found to be the most effective and Grasset's vaccine the least. Among adults aged 15-60 years, no conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of the vaccines could be obtained owing to the small number of cases. This may be due to the maintenance of immunity through repeated annual vaccination with bacterial vaccines.

摘要

1961年，在波兰的25个地区进行了伤寒疫苗的对照现场试验。研究了四种类型的疫苗：（1）细菌丙酮灭活干燥疫苗（两种），（2）细菌甲醛灭活苯酚保存疫苗，（3）吸附于氢氧化铝的韦斯特法尔内毒素，以及（4）格拉塞疫苗（伤寒杆菌自溶产物吸附于氢氧化铝）。对照疫苗为破伤风类毒素。共有690655人接受了两次接种。在现场试验之前，对疫苗进行了实验室检测，研究了接种后的反应，并对随机抽取的血样进行了血清学检查。接种疫苗后，对伤寒及其他疾病病例进行了为期两年的调查。在5至14岁的儿童中，发现甲醛灭活苯酚保存疫苗最有效，而格拉塞疫苗效果最差。在15至60岁的成年人中，由于病例数量较少，无法获得关于疫苗有效性的确凿证据。这可能是由于通过每年重复接种细菌疫苗维持了免疫力。