Ringo D L
J Cell Biol. 1967 Jun;33(3):543-71. doi: 10.1083/jcb.33.3.543.
The biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardi was studied with the light and electron microscopes to determine the behavior of flagella in the living cell and the structure of the basal apparatus of the flagella. During normal forward swimming the flagella beat synchronously in the same plane, as in the human swimmer's breast stroke. The form of beat is like that of cilia. Occasionally cells swim backward with the flagella undulating and trailing the cell. Thus the same flagellar apparatus produces two types of motion. The central pair of fibers of both flagella appear to lie in the same plane, which coincides with the plane of beat. The two basal bodies lie in a V configuration and are joined at the top by a striated fiber and at the bottom by two smaller fibers. From the area between the basal bodies four bands of microtubules, each containing four tubules, radiate in an X-shaped pattern, diverge, and pass under the cell membrane. Details of the complex arrangement of tubules near the basal bodies are described. It seems probable that the connecting fibers and the microtubules play structural roles and thereby maintain the alignment of the flagellar apparatus. The relation of striated fibers and microtubules to cilia and flagella is reviewed, particularly in phytoflagellates and protozoa. Structures observed in the transitional region between the basal body and flagellar shaft are described and their occurrence is reviewed. Details of structure of the flagellar shaft and flagellar tip are described, and the latter is reviewed in detail.
利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对双鞭毛藻类莱茵衣藻进行了研究，以确定活细胞中鞭毛的行为以及鞭毛基部装置的结构。在正常向前游动时，鞭毛在同一平面内同步摆动，就像人类游泳者的蛙泳一样。摆动形式类似于纤毛。偶尔细胞会向后游动，鞭毛波动并拖在细胞后面。因此，相同的鞭毛装置产生两种类型的运动。两条鞭毛的中央纤维对似乎位于同一平面，该平面与摆动平面重合。两个基体呈V形排列，顶部由一条横纹纤维连接，底部由两条较小的纤维连接。从基体之间的区域，四条微管束，每条包含四条微管，呈X形放射状发散，并从细胞膜下方穿过。文中描述了基体附近微管复杂排列的细节。连接纤维和微管似乎起着结构作用，从而维持鞭毛装置的排列。文中回顾了横纹纤维和微管与纤毛和鞭毛的关系，特别是在植物鞭毛虫和原生动物中的情况。描述了在基体和鞭毛轴之间的过渡区域观察到的结构，并回顾了它们的出现情况。描述了鞭毛轴和鞭毛尖端的结构细节，并对后者进行了详细回顾。
