Dawson M E, Catania J J, Schell A M, Grings W W
Biol Psychol. 1979 Jul;9(1):23-40. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(79)90020-6.
Two groups of 32 college students were presented compound CSs (lights and tones presented simultaneously) during a classical conditioning paradigm. By means of a masking task and verbal instructions, a partially informed group was made aware of only the visual CS's contingency with the UCS, while a fully informed group was made aware of both the visual and auditory contingencies. Autonomic indices of conditioning (electrodermal responses, heart rate, and digital pulse volume) were later measured to the individual component CSs and to various compound CSs. It was found that: (1) the partially informed group exhibited conditioning exclusively to the visual CS+ and to compounds which included the visual CS+, while (2) the fully informed group exhibited conditioning to both visual and auditory CS+s. The results confirm the importance of awareness in human autonomic discrimination classical conditioning. It is suggested that human autonomic conditioning may be usefully conceptualized as an information processing task with the autonomic indices of conditioning reflecting central cognitive processes.
在经典条件反射范式中，两组各32名大学生被呈现复合条件刺激（同时呈现灯光和声音）。通过一项掩蔽任务和言语指导，部分知情组只了解视觉条件刺激与无条件刺激的关联性，而完全知情组则了解视觉和听觉两者的关联性。随后测量了对各个单独条件刺激以及各种复合条件刺激的条件反射自主指标（皮肤电反应、心率和指脉容积）。结果发现：（1）部分知情组仅对视觉条件刺激+以及包含视觉条件刺激+的复合刺激表现出条件反射，而（2）完全知情组对视觉和听觉条件刺激+均表现出条件反射。这些结果证实了意识在人类自主辨别经典条件反射中的重要性。有人提出，人类自主条件反射可被有效地概念化为一项信息处理任务，其中条件反射的自主指标反映了中枢认知过程。
