Ricosse J H, Goudineau J A, Doury J C, Vieu J F, Meyruey M H, Pelloux H
Med Trop (Mars). 1979 Jul-Aug;39(4):415-24.
From 1961 to 1975, researches on salmonellosis have been carried out in Hospital Grall, in Saigon, mainly during two periods (1961-1964, then 1971-1975). 607 strains of Salmonella have been isolated for these 15 years (558 S. typhi and 49 Salmonella, among several other serotypes). As typhoid fever is most important, the authors have studied this disease very carefully. The most efficacious technique of isolating is hemoculture. With coproculture, the results are disappointing. Scarcely, some strains have been found in samples of various origins. Indirect diagnosis methods are less interesting. They may induce only a presumptive diagnosis. S. typhi is always predominant : 86,5 p. 100 from 1961 to 1964 and 96,1 p. 100 from 1972 to 1975. Diffusion of this germ during the second period is linked to the occurring of resistance to chloramphenicol. Some other serotypes are observed scarcely. The lysotypes have been determined for almost all the strains (202, then 323, during the two phases of this study). From 172 to 1975, 24 different lysotypes have been found. Lysotype I + IV is predominant (59 p. 100), but the incidence of D 6 and of 46 (6,8 p. 100) is somewhat high, if it is compared to the others. Lysotype 46 has been observed only since 1971. It has been spreading up to now in South East Asia. Stretching of this lysotype, out of its original focus, is an important epidemiological character. In 1972, resistance of S. typhi to chloramphenicol appeared and it has been increasing mostly during the following years. From 1972 to 1975, 211 strains on 288 were found resistant (highest point in 1975 : 85,4 p. 100). It was a multiresistance to 4 antibiotics (antibiotype : CTSSu). This pehnomenon of plasmidic resistance was investigated in Institut Pasteur (Paris). Many lysotypes have been involved in resistance (14 among 24). Clinical study has been realized for 189 patients. During the typical period of the disease, fever is the major symptom. More scarcely, other clinical features are observed. Various complications have been related. The evolution of the disease has been generally satisfactory, as far as mortality (less than 2 p. 100), sequelae (1 p. 100) and relapses (2 p. 100) are concerned. Clinical course has not been modified by resistance of the germs.
1961年至1975年期间，在西贡的格拉尔医院开展了沙门氏菌病研究，主要集中在两个阶段（1961 - 1964年，以及1971 - 1975年）。这15年间共分离出607株沙门氏菌（558株伤寒杆菌和49株其他血清型沙门氏菌）。由于伤寒热最为重要，作者对该疾病进行了深入研究。最有效的分离技术是血培养。粪便培养的结果则不尽人意，仅在各种来源的样本中偶尔发现一些菌株。间接诊断方法不太理想，只能做出初步诊断。伤寒杆菌始终占主导地位：1961年至1964年为86.5%，1972年至1975年为96.1%。该病菌在第二阶段的传播与对氯霉素产生耐药性有关。其他一些血清型很少被观察到。几乎对所有菌株（本研究的两个阶段分别为202株和323株）都进行了溶菌型测定。从1972年到1975年，共发现24种不同的溶菌型。溶菌型I + IV占主导（59%），但与其他类型相比，D 6和46型的发生率（6.8%）相对较高。溶菌型46仅在1971年之后被观察到，至今已在东南亚地区传播。这种溶菌型从其原发疫源地向外扩散是一个重要的流行病学特征。1972年，伤寒杆菌对氯霉素出现耐药性，且在随后几年中耐药性大多持续增加。1972年至1975年，288株中有211株被发现耐药（1975年达到最高点：85.4%），这是对4种抗生素的多重耐药（抗生素型：CTSSu）。这种质粒耐药现象在巴斯德研究所（巴黎）进行了研究。许多溶菌型都与耐药性有关（24种中有14种）。对189例患者进行了临床研究。在疾病的典型阶段，发热是主要症状，其他临床特征较少出现。还报告了各种并发症。就死亡率（低于2%）、后遗症（1%）和复发率（2%）而言，疾病的发展总体上令人满意。病菌的耐药性并未改变临床病程。
