Searle A G
Radiat Environ Biophys. 1979;17(1):41-6. doi: 10.1007/BF01323119.
For the purposes of radiation protection, risk estimates should be based on effects of irradiation at low doses and low dose-rates. Although few genetic studies have been made on effects at low doses those carried out at low dose-rates suggest that the response is generally linear for induction of both gene mutations and chromosomes aberrations. For obtaining an overall genetic risk assessment under these conditions a doubling dose of 100 rem (1 Sv) has been used by the ICRP and other bodies, with respect to radiation of low LET. In addition, it is necessary to know frequencies of human hereditary conditions, the extent to which these frequencies are maintained by recurrent mutation and the average number of generations the different categories of hereditary damage persist in the population. By the use of this information, as well as some data on translocation induction obtained directly from human exposures, an estimate of the risk of serious hereditary ill health in the first two generations after low-level radiation exposure was obtained for the Commission by one of its task groups. Thus the estimate of 10-2 Sv-1 used in ICRP 26 has a factual basis, although a number of far-reaching assumptions have still to be made when any risk estimation of this nature is attempted.
出于辐射防护目的，风险估计应基于低剂量和低剂量率照射的效应。虽然关于低剂量效应的遗传学研究很少，但那些在低剂量率下进行的研究表明，对于基因突变和染色体畸变的诱导，响应通常是线性的。为了在这些条件下获得总体遗传风险评估，国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）和其他机构针对低传能线密度（LET）辐射采用了100雷姆（1希沃特）的倍加剂量。此外，有必要了解人类遗传性疾病的发生率、这些发生率通过反复突变维持的程度以及不同类别的遗传损伤在人群中持续存在的平均代数。通过利用这些信息以及直接从人体照射获得的一些关于易位诱导的数据，委员会的一个任务组为委员会得出了低水平辐射照射后前两代严重遗传性健康不良风险的估计值。因此，ICRP第26号出版物中使用的10⁻²希沃特⁻¹的估计值有事实依据，尽管在尝试进行任何此类风险估计时仍需做出一些影响深远的假设。
