Sankaranarayanan K
Mutat Res. 1976 Jun;35(3):387-414. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(76)90202-5.
Some of the advances in mammalian radiation genetics, human genetics and cytogenetics that were made during the last 2-3 years and that have either a direct bearing on, or that may be potentially useful in, the evaluation of genetic radiation hazards in man have been examined. Among these are (1) the new data on the incidence of genetic diseases in man; (2) the latest results of the study of mortality rates among children born to survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; (3) new data on the radiation-induction of reciprocal translocations in human spermatogonia; (4) new results from radiation studies with mice on skeletal mutations, autosomal recessive lethals, sex-chromosome losses, translocation induction and recovery etc., and (5) a re-analysis of the earlier data on dose-rate effects for the induction of specific locus mutations in mouse spermatogonia. Using the pertinent new information as a basis, quantitative estimates are presented employing both a direct method of expressing risks in terms of effects per unit dose of irradiation and the indirect doubling-dose method of expressing these as increments over the load of genetic disorders occurring spontaneously in man.
本文考察了过去两到三年间在哺乳动物辐射遗传学、人类遗传学和细胞遗传学领域取得的一些进展，这些进展要么与人类遗传辐射危害的评估直接相关，要么可能对其有潜在用途。其中包括：（1）关于人类遗传疾病发病率的新数据；（2）广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者所生孩子死亡率研究的最新结果；（3）关于人类精原细胞中相互易位辐射诱导的新数据；（4）用小鼠进行辐射研究得出的关于骨骼突变、常染色体隐性致死、性染色体丢失、易位诱导和恢复等方面的新结果；（5）对早期关于小鼠精原细胞中特定基因座突变诱导的剂量率效应数据的重新分析。以相关新信息为基础，采用两种方法进行了定量估计：一种是直接方法，以每单位辐射剂量的效应来表示风险；另一种是间接加倍剂量方法，将这些风险表示为人类自发发生的遗传疾病负荷的增量。
