Astorg P O, Levillain R
Ann Nutr Aliment. 1979;33(5):643-58.
The mean-term physiological effects of brassidic acid (n-9, trans docosenoic acid) and of erucic acid (n-9, cis docosenoic acid) have been compared to those of their C 18 homologues, elaidic and oleic acid, in a 2(3) factorial experiment; the 3 tested factors are: 1) the chain length of the dietary monoenes (C 22:1 vs. C 18:1), 2) the geometrical configuration of their double bond (trans vs. cis) and 3) the dietary level of linoleic acid (30% vs. 1,7% of dietary fatty acids). Wistar weanling rats have been fed for 16 weeks semi-synthetic diets containing 15% of lipids by weight, in which the fatty acids under study (brassidic, erucic elaidic) ranged to 40%. Although caution has been taken to optimize the digestibility of brassidic acid (interesterification of the lipid mixture, reduced level of calcium in the diet, addition of monoglycerides), it remains lower that of erucic acid. However, because of different levels of food consumption, the absorbed amounts of the two isomers are about the same. With a high dietary supply of linoleic acid, the dietary monoenes (C 22:1 or C 18:1), cis or trans) do not induce great changes in the weight gain of the rats, when adjusted to food consumption; linoleic acid subdeficiency lowers this adjusted weight gain, except when the diet contains oleic acid as the only monoene. These effects do not parallel those observed on the absolute growth of the rats. The trans monoenes, and to a lesser extent, erucic acid, induce an increase of liver weight (adjusted to body weight). The light microscopic histological study of the heart does not reveal any difference between the brassidic acid fed-rats and those fed the C 18:1 monoenes (elaidic, oleic). In contrast, erucic acid induces definite lesions of the myocardium. The dietary level of linoleic acid has little influence on the incidence and the severity of the lesions. The effects of these dietary fatty acids on the lipid contents and fatty acid compositions of different organs will be reported in a second paper.
在一项2(3)析因实验中，将巴西酸（n-9，反式二十二碳烯酸）和芥酸（n-9，顺式二十二碳烯酸）的中期生理效应与其C18同系物反油酸和油酸的效应进行了比较；所测试的3个因素为：1）膳食单烯酸的链长（C22:1对C18:1），2）其双键的几何构型（反式对顺式），以及3）亚油酸的膳食水平（占膳食脂肪酸的30%对1.7%）。给Wistar断乳大鼠喂食含15%（重量）脂质的半合成日粮16周，其中所研究的脂肪酸（巴西酸、芥酸、反油酸）含量达40%。尽管已采取措施优化巴西酸的消化率（脂质混合物的酯交换、日粮中钙水平降低、添加甘油单酯），但其消化率仍低于芥酸。然而，由于食物摄入量不同，两种异构体的吸收量大致相同。当亚油酸的膳食供应量较高时，膳食单烯酸（C22:1或C18:1，顺式或反式）在根据食物摄入量进行调整后，不会引起大鼠体重增加的巨大变化；亚油酸供应不足会降低这种调整后的体重增加，除非日粮中仅含有油酸作为唯一的单烯酸。这些效应与在大鼠绝对生长方面观察到的效应并不平行。反式单烯酸，以及程度稍轻的芥酸，会导致肝脏重量增加（根据体重进行调整）。对心脏的光学显微镜组织学研究未发现喂食巴西酸的大鼠与喂食C18:1单烯酸（反油酸、油酸）的大鼠之间有任何差异。相反，芥酸会引起心肌的明确病变。亚油酸的膳食水平对病变的发生率和严重程度影响很小。这些膳食脂肪酸对不同器官脂质含量和脂肪酸组成的影响将在第二篇论文中报告。
