Plomin R, Rowe D C
J Psychol. 1977 Sep;97(1st Half):107-13. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1977.9915932.
Temperament was assessed in 182 young children (91 pairs of twins, average age of 3.6 years) with use of the Colorado Childhood Temperament Inventory (CCTI). The CCTI represents a merger of dimensions suggested by two approaches to the study of the development of temperament: the New York Longitudinal Study and Buss and Plomin's temperament theory. Of the six traits measured by the CCTI, genetic factors were implicated in the etiology of five (sociability, emotionality, activity, attention span-persistence, and soothability). One trait, reaction to food, showed no genetic influence and indicated strong between-family environmental effects. A negative correlation between emotionality and soothability may also have a genetic basis. These results suggest that the development of certain personality traits--those that we include as temperament--are substantially influenced by heredity.
使用科罗拉多儿童气质问卷（CCTI）对182名幼儿（91对双胞胎，平均年龄3.6岁）的气质进行了评估。CCTI融合了两种气质发展研究方法所提出的维度：纽约纵向研究和巴斯与普洛明的气质理论。在CCTI所测量的六个特质中，遗传因素与五个特质（社交性、情绪性、活动性、注意力持续时间和安抚性）的病因有关。一个特质，即对食物的反应，未显示出遗传影响，表明存在强烈的家庭间环境效应。情绪性和安抚性之间的负相关也可能有遗传基础。这些结果表明，某些人格特质——即我们归类为气质的特质——的发展受到遗传的显著影响。
