Fields W C
J Gen Psychol. 1978 Jan;98(1st Half):31-5. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1978.9920854.
The hypothesis that aggression is affected by varying the affective value of the imprinted stimulus was tested with 12 Bardrock chicks. The affective value was defined as a hypothetical response of the animal which was inferred from observable events such as distress calls and flight responses. An aggressive response was defined as an imprinted bird's peck at a socialized bird. In order to vary the value of the imprinted stimulus, different shock frequencies were paired with the simultaneous withdrawal of the imprinted stimulus. The difference in aggressive responses between the experimental and control S s was significant (p less than or equal to .01). The present experiment suggests that only moderate levels of aversive stimulation when added to the imprinting process served to maximize both imprinting and aggression. Shock intensities either above or below this level resulted in reduced aggression--in the former case because of interference due to overstimulation, in the latter because of incomplete excitation.
用12只巴德洛克雏鸡对“攻击行为受印记刺激的情感价值变化影响”这一假说进行了测试。情感价值被定义为动物的一种假设性反应，它是从诸如 distress calls 和 flight responses 等可观察到的事件中推断出来的。攻击反应被定义为一只经过印记的鸟对一只已社会化的鸟的啄击。为了改变印记刺激的价值，将不同的电击频率与印记刺激的同时撤回配对。实验组和对照组被试在攻击反应上的差异是显著的（p小于或等于0.01）。本实验表明，只有在印记过程中加入适度水平的厌恶刺激才能使印记和攻击行为都达到最大化。高于或低于此水平的电击强度都会导致攻击行为减少——在前一种情况下是由于过度刺激造成的干扰，在后一种情况下是由于兴奋不完全。
