Zeiler M D
J Exp Anal Behav. 1968 Jul;11(4):405-14. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1968.11-405.
After response-dependent reinforcement established key-pecking as the predominant response, pigeons received schedules in which reinforcements occurred without reference to responding. These response-independent schedules involved either a reinforcement every 5 min, or reinforcements at irregular intervals that averaged 5 min. The response-independent schedules generated characteristic patterns of responding. The fixed schedule produced positively accelerated responding between reinforcements, and the variable schedule produced either steady rates, erratic, or negatively accelerated patterns. The patterns developed independent of the distribution of responses existing when the schedule was first imposed. The rate of responding varied for the three birds, but, for all, response-independent schedules decreased the rates below the level maintained by response-dependent reinforcement. Although the rate of responding was affected primarily by the events contiguous with reinforcement, the pattern of responding appeared to be determined mainly by the presentation of reinforcements in relation to time.
在依赖反应的强化使啄键成为主要反应之后，鸽子接受了一些强化程序，在这些程序中，强化的出现与反应无关。这些与反应无关的程序要么是每5分钟强化一次，要么是以平均5分钟的不规则间隔进行强化。与反应无关的程序产生了特征性的反应模式。固定程序在强化之间产生正加速反应，而可变程序产生稳定的反应速率、不稳定的或负加速的模式。这些模式的形成与最初实施该程序时存在的反应分布无关。三只鸟的反应速率各不相同，但对所有鸟来说，与反应无关的程序都使反应速率低于依赖反应的强化所维持的水平。尽管反应速率主要受与强化相邻的事件影响，但反应模式似乎主要由强化相对于时间的呈现方式决定。
