Hoak J C, Connor W E, Warner E D
J Clin Invest. 1968 Dec;47(12):2701-10. doi: 10.1172/JCI105953.
The toxic effects associated with rapid lipid mobilization and a high plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration produced by glucagon were evaluated. Glucagon (0.5 mg/kg of body wt) was injected intravenously into nonfasting geese. The geese developed rapid respirations and high plasma FFA levels within 15 min after the glucagon injection; three of eleven died. Control geese, injected with saline, did not exhibit toxic signs. Peak FFA concentrations developed 15 min after glucagon and high levels persisted for over 90 min. Geese injected with glucagon frequently developed electrocardiographic abnormalities that included supraventricular tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, and signs of myocardial ischemia. Light and electron microscopy revealed acute myocardial degeneration and fatty infiltration of the liver. The increase in plasma FFA concentrations and toxic effects were not prevented by pretreatment with nicotinic acid or propranolol.
评估了与胰高血糖素产生的快速脂质动员和高血浆游离脂肪酸（FFA）浓度相关的毒性作用。将胰高血糖素（0.5mg/kg体重）静脉注射到非禁食的鹅体内。注射胰高血糖素后15分钟内，鹅出现呼吸急促和血浆FFA水平升高；11只中有3只死亡。注射生理盐水的对照鹅未表现出毒性迹象。胰高血糖素注射后15分钟出现FFA浓度峰值，高水平持续超过90分钟。注射胰高血糖素的鹅经常出现心电图异常，包括室上性心动过速、室性早搏和心肌缺血迹象。光镜和电镜检查显示急性心肌变性和肝脏脂肪浸润。烟酸或普萘洛尔预处理不能预防血浆FFA浓度的升高和毒性作用。
