Guaza C, Torrellas A, Borrell J, Borrell S
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1979 Jul;11(1):57-63. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(79)90297-1.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of morphine upon the pituitary-adrenal activity and adrenal catecholamines in rats and cats, two animal species with very different behavioural patterns of response to the opiate. Acute administration of the drug induced in both animal species an activation of the pituitary-adrenal system. Chronic administration of morphine to cats and rats induced a depression in the pituitary-adrenal function. No significant changes in the adrenal levels of catecholamines were observed in rats treated chronically with the drug. However, in the cat, the effects of morphine on adrenomedullary function seemed to depend on the stage of morphine treatment. The behavioural patterns of response in both animal species during chronic administration of the opiate, as well as the effects of induced withdrawal with nalorphine (an antagonist of morphine), indicated that dependence on morphine had developed, not only in the rats, but also in the cats. Acute morphine administration had a sedative effect, while in the cats the opiate produced a species-specific manic response characterized by hyperexcitement and aggressive behavior.
本研究的目的是调查急性和慢性给予吗啡对大鼠和猫垂体-肾上腺活性及肾上腺儿茶酚胺的影响，这两种动物对阿片类药物的行为反应模式截然不同。急性给予该药物在两种动物中均诱导垂体-肾上腺系统激活。慢性给予猫和大鼠吗啡导致垂体-肾上腺功能抑制。长期用该药物治疗的大鼠肾上腺儿茶酚胺水平未观察到显著变化。然而，在猫中，吗啡对肾上腺髓质功能的影响似乎取决于吗啡治疗阶段。在长期给予阿片类药物期间，两种动物的行为反应模式，以及用烯丙吗啡（一种吗啡拮抗剂）诱导戒断的影响，表明不仅大鼠，而且猫也产生了对吗啡的依赖性。急性给予吗啡有镇静作用，而在猫中该阿片类药物产生一种特定物种的躁狂反应，其特征为过度兴奋和攻击行为。
