Greenspan F S
JAMA. 1977 May 9;237(19):2089-91.
There are abundant experimental and clinical data to associate radiation exposure and thyroid cancer. The incidence of thyroid cancer increases with increasing doses of thyroidal radiation from 6.5 rads to 1,500 rads, but higher doses tend to destroy the gland and are associated with hypothyroidism rather than cancer. The peak occurrence of thyroid tumors is between five and 30 years after exposure, but a person may develop thyroid tumors as long as 50 years after irradiation. Multiple thyroidal lesions or disorders, including adenomas, thyroditis, and hypothyroidism as well as malignant neoplasms, can occur after radiation exposure. It is imperative, therefore, to study carefully all patients with a history of radiation exposure to the gland and to observe them carefully for life. Suggestions are made for the management of thyroid disease in these patients.
有大量的实验和临床数据表明辐射暴露与甲状腺癌有关。甲状腺癌的发病率随着甲状腺辐射剂量从6.5拉德增加到1500拉德而上升，但更高的剂量往往会破坏甲状腺并导致甲状腺功能减退而非癌症。甲状腺肿瘤的发病高峰出现在暴露后的5至30年，但一个人在照射后长达50年仍可能患上甲状腺肿瘤。辐射暴露后可能会出现多种甲状腺病变或疾病，包括腺瘤、甲状腺炎、甲状腺功能减退以及恶性肿瘤。因此，必须仔细研究所有有甲状腺辐射暴露史的患者，并对他们进行终身密切观察。文中针对这些患者的甲状腺疾病管理提出了建议。
