Moore S R
Br J Ind Med. 1969 Jan;26(1):1-24. doi: 10.1136/oem.26.1.1.
1-24. The mortality of fishermen is twice that of coalminers. Because of the method of fishing the mortality of the trawlerman is probably higher. Outside the industry little is known about the occupation of trawl fishing. Its size, the number of men employed, and the number and distribution of trawlers are therefore described, with particular reference to the port of Grimsby. As near, middle, and deep water trawlers sail from Grimsby, its industry gives a good representation of conditions in the industry as a whole. The port and the fishing grounds are described. The composition of the trawler crew, their conditions of work, accommodation, and remuneration are explained. A description is given of the trawl apparatus, fishing operations, and the hazards involved, and extracts from the writer's diary of a fishing voyage are appended. The United Kingdom has ratified the Accommodation of Crews (Fishermen) Convention 1966 of the International Labour Organisation, and an informal survey of a modern trawler fleet showed that it fell short of the requirements of this Convention. Accommodation is confined and the crew live and work in close proximity and in conditions of physical discomfort. Trawlermen work for long hours under conditions which would not be tolerated by the shore worker. The method of payment is such that trawlermen may take unnecessary risks. Earnings depend on team work so that illness and injury are often not reported with consequent deterioration of the condition. Physical fatigue and lack of sleep contribute to an increased accident rate. It is therefore recommended that more men per trawler should be employed to allow shorter working hours. As the skipper and mate are paid wholly on a share basis, the remainder of the crew receiving, in addition, a basic wage, it `pays' the trawlermen to take risks. A different method of payment, not dependent on the yield of the voyage, is therefore recommended. The medical aid available to trawlermen is described and is usually by radio link with shore or a ship with a doctor on board. Although the skipper has some training in first aid and may use and the contents of the medicine chest, it is shown that most skippers prefer the radio link or to put into port for medical assistance. In 1963, 165 Grimsby trawlermen were put ashore. The medical aid given to 120 trawlermen by the Icelandic patrol of the Fishery Protection Squadron is described. Diagnosis and treatment by radio-telephone was difficult and not always successful and medical officers boarded trawlers whenever possible.
1 - 24. 渔民的死亡率是煤矿工人的两倍。由于捕鱼方式的原因，拖网渔民的死亡率可能更高。行业外的人对拖网捕鱼这一职业了解甚少。因此，本文描述了拖网捕鱼业的规模、雇佣的人数、拖网渔船的数量及分布情况，特别提及了格里姆斯比港。鉴于从格里姆斯比出发的近海、中海和深海拖网渔船能很好地代表整个行业的情况，本文对该港口及渔场进行了描述。文中还解释了拖网渔船船员的构成、他们的工作条件、住宿情况及薪酬待遇。对拖网捕鱼设备、捕鱼作业及其中涉及的危险进行了描述，并附录了作者一次捕鱼航行日记的摘录。英国已批准国际劳工组织1966年的《船员（渔民）住宿公约》，但对一支现代化拖网渔船队的非正式调查显示，其情况未达该公约要求。船员住宿空间有限，他们在狭小空间里生活和工作，身体很不舒服。拖网渔民长时间在岸上工人无法忍受的条件下工作。薪酬支付方式致使拖网渔民可能会冒不必要的风险。收入依赖团队协作，所以疾病和伤痛常常未被上报，进而导致病情恶化。身体疲劳和睡眠不足致使事故率上升。因此建议每艘拖网渔船应雇佣更多船员，以便缩短工作时长。由于船长和大副完全按份额计酬，其余船员另外领取基本工资，所以拖网渔民冒险“划算”。因此建议采用一种不依赖航行收获的不同薪酬支付方式。文中描述了拖网渔民可获得的医疗救助，通常是通过无线电与岸上或船上有医生的船只联系。尽管船长接受过一些急救培训，可能会使用药箱里的药品，但事实表明，大多数船长更倾向于通过无线电联系或进港寻求医疗援助。1963年，165名格里姆斯比的拖网渔民上岸。文中描述了渔业保护中队冰岛巡逻队为120名拖网渔民提供的医疗救助。通过无线电话进行诊断和治疗很困难，且并不总是成功，所以医务人员尽可能登船治疗。
