Moore S R
Br J Ind Med. 1969 Jan;26(1):25-46. doi: 10.1136/oem.26.1.25.
25-46. The injuries, illnesses, and deaths of Grimsby deep sea fishermen in the year 1963 have been studied using the trawler log-book as the basic source of information. Additional information has been obtained from other sources. The numbers of man-days sailed by Grimsby deep sea fishermen, by age and rating in 1963, have been ascertained. From these, incapacity rates for the measurement of morbidity due to injury and illness, and the mortality rate, have been calculated. There were 14 deaths, six due to accidental causes and eight to natural causes, giving a mortality rate of 5·7 per 1,000 for Grimsby deep sea fishermen in 1963. In a year when there was no foundering or loss of Grimsby trawlers, the fatal accident rate of Grimsby trawlermen was more than twice that of fishermen of the United Kingdom, four times the rate for miners, and 40 times that for the manufacturing industries. The most common injuries were, in order of incidence, contusions of varying degrees of severity, infected lesions, sprains and strains, lacerations, and fractures. More than half (56·3%) of the trawlermen were incapacitated by their injuries. The highest rates of incapacity were caused by fractures, contusions, and infected lesions. The upper limb, especially the hands and fingers, was most often affected, resulting most commonly in infected lesions. Third hands, mates, deck hands, deck trimmers, and deck learners had the highest incapacity rates due to injury. Third hands are especially at risk to injury. Most injuries and two deaths caused by casualties to boats occurred in fires aboard trawlers. The most common illnesses suffered by trawlermen were gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin diseases. Illness caused incapacity in 68·8% of the trawlermen affected. The greatest incapacity was due to gastrointestinal, cardiac, psychiatric, and respiratory illness, and firemen, third-hands, and cooks had the highest rates of incapacity. Of the illnesses said to be peculiar to fishermen, Dogger Bank itch and erysipeloid did not affect Grimsby trawlermen. Unfit deep sea fishermen go to sea, even when so certified by a medical officer, thus possibly endangering themselves and other members of the crew. The injuries which give rise to the highest morbidity and mortality in deep sea fishermen are primarily due to accidental causes. The following measures are suggested to reduce the toll on deep sea fishermen. (1) The establishment of an occupational health service for trawlermen, with compulsory pre-employment and periodic examinations, would help to prevent unfit men going to sea and ensure that those sailing were of good health and not a liability to their fellows. The Medical Examination (Fishermen) Convention, 1959, of the International Labour Organization should be ratified by the United Kingdom.
25 - 46. 以拖网渔船航海日志作为基本信息来源，对1963年格里姆斯比深海渔民的伤病及死亡情况进行了研究。还从其他来源获取了补充信息。已确定1963年格里姆斯比深海渔民按年龄和职级划分的出海人日数。据此计算了因伤病导致的失能率以及死亡率。当年有14人死亡，其中6人死于意外原因，8人死于自然原因，1963年格里姆斯比深海渔民的死亡率为千分之5.7。在格里姆斯比拖网渔船未发生沉没或损失的一年里，格里姆斯比拖网渔民的致命事故率是英国渔民的两倍多，是矿工的四倍多，是制造业工人的40倍。按发生率排序，最常见的损伤依次为不同严重程度的挫伤、感染性损伤、扭伤和拉伤、撕裂伤以及骨折。超过半数（56.3%）的拖网渔民因伤失能。失能率最高的原因是骨折、挫伤和感染性损伤。上肢，尤其是手和手指，最常受到影响，最常见的后果是感染性损伤。三等水手、大副、甲板水手、甲板整修工和见习甲板水手因伤导致的失能率最高。三等水手尤其容易受伤。大多数损伤以及两起因船只事故导致的死亡发生在拖网渔船上的火灾中。拖网渔民最常患的疾病是胃肠道疾病、呼吸道疾病和皮肤病。患病的拖网渔民中有68.8%因疾病失能。失能最主要是由胃肠道疾病、心脏病、精神疾病和呼吸道疾病导致 的，消防员、三等水手和厨师的失能率最高。据说渔民特有的疾病，如多格浅滩瘙痒症和类丹毒，并未影响格里姆斯比拖网渔民。身体不适的深海渔民仍出海，即使有医务人员出具的证明，这可能会危及他们自己和其他船员。导致深海渔民发病率和死亡率最高的损伤主要是由意外原因造成的。建议采取以下措施以减少对深海渔民的伤害。（1）为拖网渔民建立职业健康服务体系，进行强制性的入职前和定期检查，这将有助于防止身体不适的人出海，并确保出海的人身体健康，不会对同伴造成负担。联合王国应批准国际劳工组织1959年的《（渔民）体检公约》。
