Gitlin D, Biasucci A
J Clin Invest. 1969 Aug;48(8):1433-46. doi: 10.1172/JCI106109.
The synthesis of gammaG, gammaA, gammaM, beta(1C)/beta(1A), C'1 esterase inhibitor, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, hemopexin, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, beta-lipoprotein, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and prealbumin was studied in 15 normal human embryos and fetuses of 29 days to 18 wk gestation and in the yolk sacs of four embryos from 5.5 to 11.5 wk gestation using tissue culture in (14)C-labeled amino acids followed by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The human embryo as early as 29 day gestation synthesized beta(1C)/beta(1A), C'1 esterase inhibitor, transferrin, hemopexin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, beta-lipoprotein, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and prealbumin in culture. At 32 days gestation ceruloplasmin and orosomucoid were also synthesized, but synthesis of fibrinogen was not observed before 5.5 wk. Synthesis of gammaM occurred as early as 10.5 wk gestation, and gammaG synthesis was found in cultures as early as 12 wk gestation; gammaA synthesis was not detected in any of the tissue cultures. With the exception of the gamma-globulins, each of the proteins studied was synthesized by the liver, but additional sites of synthesis for some of these proteins were also found. Synthesis of gammaG and gammaM occurred primarily in the spleen, but other sites of synthesis were noted as well. Changes in the concentrations of most of these proteins and plasminogen in embryonic and fetal serum from 5.5 to 41 wk gestation, in amniotic fluid from 6.5 to 38 wk gestation, and in the sera of neonates during the 1st 3 wk postpartum are described. Although gammaA, gammaM, ceruloplasmin, or haptoglobin were not detectable in some of the embryonic and fetal sera, gammaA and ceruloplasmin were both present as early as 6.5 wk gestation, haptoglobin by 9.5 wk gestation, and gammaM by 17 wk gestation. Each of the other proteins were present in all of the sera examined.
采用在含(^{14}C)标记氨基酸的组织培养，随后进行放射免疫电泳的方法，研究了15例妊娠29天至18周的正常人类胚胎和胎儿以及4例妊娠5.5至11.5周胚胎的卵黄囊中γG、γA、γM、β(1C)/β(1A)、C'1酯酶抑制剂、铜蓝蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红素结合蛋白、触珠蛋白、纤维蛋白原、α(1)-抗胰蛋白酶、类粘蛋白、β-脂蛋白、α(2)-巨球蛋白和前白蛋白的合成。早在妊娠29天的人类胚胎在培养物中就能合成β(1C)/β(1A)、C'1酯酶抑制剂、转铁蛋白、血红素结合蛋白、α(1)-抗胰蛋白酶、β-脂蛋白、α(2)-巨球蛋白和前白蛋白。妊娠32天时也能合成铜蓝蛋白和类粘蛋白，但在5.5周前未观察到纤维蛋白原的合成。γM的合成早在妊娠10.5周时出现，γG的合成在培养物中早在妊娠12周时就已发现；在任何组织培养中均未检测到γA的合成。除γ球蛋白外，所研究的每种蛋白质均由肝脏合成，但也发现了其中一些蛋白质的其他合成部位。γG和γM的合成主要发生在脾脏，但也注意到了其他合成部位。描述了妊娠5.5至41周胚胎和胎儿血清、妊娠6.5至38周羊水以及产后第1周内新生儿血清中这些蛋白质和纤溶酶原大多数浓度的变化。尽管在一些胚胎和胎儿血清中未检测到γA、γM、铜蓝蛋白或触珠蛋白，但γA和铜蓝蛋白早在妊娠6.5周时就已存在，触珠蛋白在妊娠9.5周时出现，γM在妊娠17周时出现。其他每种蛋白质在所有检测的血清中均存在。
