Ayllon T, Azrin N H
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Jul;9(4):411-9. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-411.
Mental hospital patients were reinforced for responding in a two-response operant situation. When a noise was used to punish one of the responses, all subjects shifted to the unpunished one. When the noise was then paired with positive reinforcement, the subjects responded to produce the noise. Also, a novel response was reinforced by noise in the absence of other reinforcers. This study with humans extends the findings of previous studies with animals in revealing how a punishing stimulus can acquire discriminative or conditioned reinforcing properties.
在双反应操作性情境中，对精神病院患者的反应给予强化。当用噪音惩罚其中一种反应时，所有受试者都转向未受惩罚的反应。当噪音随后与正强化配对时，受试者做出反应以产生噪音。此外，在没有其他强化物的情况下，一种新的反应通过噪音得到强化。这项针对人类的研究扩展了先前针对动物的研究结果，揭示了惩罚性刺激如何获得辨别性或条件性强化特性。
