HOLZ W C, AZRIN N H, AYLLON T
J Exp Anal Behav. 1963 Jul;6(3):407-12. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-407.
Mental hospital patients were conditioned to respond at a high rate. Then an attempt was made to eliminate the response by means of a mild punishment consisting of a period of timeout from reinforcement (response-produced extinction). When only one response was available for obtaining the reinforcement, the mild punishment was not effective in eliminating that response. When an alternative response was also made available for obtaining the reinforcement, the mild punishment was completely effective. It appears that even very mild punishment may be effective if the over-all frequency of reinforcement can be maintained by means of an alternative unpunished response.
精神病院的患者被训练以高频率做出反应。然后尝试通过一种温和的惩罚来消除这种反应，这种惩罚包括一段时间的强化暂停（由反应产生的消退）。当只有一种反应可用于获得强化时，温和的惩罚在消除该反应方面并不有效。当还有另一种反应也可用于获得强化时，温和的惩罚则完全有效。看来，如果可以通过另一种未受惩罚的反应来维持强化的总体频率，那么即使是非常轻微的惩罚也可能有效。
Zotero 插件