人类对金钱强化“暂停”的自由操作式回避。
Human, free-operant avoidance of "time out" from monetary reinforcement.
作者信息
Baron A, Kaufman A
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Sep;9(5):557-65. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-557.
Abstract
To assess the aversive effects of withdrawing monetary reinforcement, human subjects were exposed to a free-operant avoidance procedure in which periods of no reinforcement occurred if the subject failed to respond, and each response postponed withdrawal of reinforcement. Avoidance behavior was developed either through specific instructions about the consequence of responding or through preliminary escape-avoidance training. In all cases, rates of response were found to be a positively accelerated function of decreases in the duration by which responding postponed reinforcement withdrawal. The findings with respect to the function relating avoidance behavior to the interval of postponement were viewed as similar to those obtained when shock is used as the aversive event in free-operant avoidance conditioning.
摘要
为了评估撤销金钱强化的厌恶效应，让人类受试者接受一种自由操作回避程序，在该程序中，如果受试者没有做出反应，就会出现无强化期，而每次反应都会推迟强化的撤销。回避行为通过关于反应后果的具体指示或通过初步的逃避-回避训练来形成。在所有情况下，都发现反应率是反应推迟强化撤销持续时间减少的正加速函数。关于回避行为与推迟间隔之间关系的研究结果，被视为与在自由操作回避条件作用中使用电击作为厌恶事件时所获得的结果相似。
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