Clark F C, Hull L D
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 Nov;9(6):641-7. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-641.
Two temporal parameters of free operant or Sidman avoidance behavior are the interval by which responses postpone shocks (Response-Shock interval) and the interval between shocks when no responses occur (Shock-Shock interval). Avoidance behavior was examined in three white rats under conditions where the Response-Shock and Shock-Shock intervals were always equal. With intervals from 10 to 60 sec response rates and shock rates were similar, decreasing, negatively accelerated functions of increasing Response-Shock=Shock-Shock interval. Over this range, response and shock rates were linearly related to the reciprocal of the Response-Shock=Shock-Shock interval. It was shown, however, that this relation cannot hold at extremely long intervals. Both the ratio of responses emitted to shocks received and the percentage of shocks possible which were avoided increased at long Response-Shock=Shock-Shock intervals. These findings may be related to the fact that long intervals provide optimal conditions for conditioning avoidance behavior in the rat.
自由操作或西德曼回避行为的两个时间参数是反应推迟电击的间隔（反应 - 电击间隔）以及无反应时电击之间的间隔（电击 - 电击间隔）。在反应 - 电击间隔和电击 - 电击间隔始终相等的条件下，对三只白鼠的回避行为进行了研究。当间隔从10秒到60秒时，反应率和电击率相似，随着反应 - 电击 = 电击 - 电击间隔增加呈下降的负加速函数。在此范围内，反应率和电击率与反应 - 电击 = 电击 - 电击间隔的倒数呈线性关系。然而，研究表明这种关系在极长的间隔下不成立。在长反应 - 电击 = 电击 - 电击间隔时，发出的反应与接受的电击之比以及可能避免的电击百分比均增加。这些发现可能与长间隔为大鼠的回避行为条件作用提供了最佳条件这一事实有关。
