Quinsey V L
J Exp Anal Behav. 1972 Jan;17(1):119-25. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1972.17-119.
Hungry rats were allowed to lick an 8% sucrose solution and then one of four lick-shock contingency conditions was superimposed on the licking baseline. These conditions were: free-operant avoidance, free shock, punishment, and no shock. From highest to lowest response rates, the groups fell in the order-avoidance, no shock, free shock, and punishment. Lick rates adjusted rapidly to introduction and removal of the contingencies. Post-shock responding was lowest in the punishment condition and highest in the free shock condition. No method was found simultaneously to equate shock frequency and separate response rates for the three shock contingency conditions. Only small, or no, reductions in shock rate occurred over sessions under the free-operant avoidance schedule when the shock-shock interval was 10 sec but large reductions occurred when the shock-shock interval was reduced to either 1 or 2 sec.
让饥饿的大鼠舔舐8%的蔗糖溶液，然后在舔舐基线之上叠加四种舔舐-电击意外情况条件之一。这些条件分别是：自由操作回避、自由电击、惩罚和无电击。从最高到最低的反应率来看，各实验组的顺序为回避组、无电击组、自由电击组和惩罚组。舔舐率会随着意外情况的引入和移除而迅速调整。电击后反应在惩罚条件下最低，在自由电击条件下最高。没有找到一种方法能同时使三种电击意外情况条件下的电击频率相等且区分反应率。在自由操作回避程序中，当电击-电击间隔为10秒时，电击率在各实验阶段仅有小幅降低或没有降低，但当电击-电击间隔缩短至1秒或2秒时，电击率大幅降低。
