尿素和氢氯噻嗪对大鼠和家禽肾功能的影响。

The effects of urea and hydrochlorothiazide on the renal functions of rat and domestic fowl.

Dicker S E, Eggleton M G, Haslam J

J Physiol. 1966 Nov;187(1):247-55. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008086.

Abstract

Rats and domestic fowls were given by stomach tube water, urea and hydrochlorothiazide, alone or in combination, in the following amounts: water, 5 ml./100 g; urea, 4 ml. of 1.5% solution + 1 ml. water/100 g; hydrochlorothiazide, 4 ml. of 1.5% urea solution + 1 ml. containing 0.1 mg hydrochlorothiazide/100 g.2. The onset of water diuresis was faster in the fowl than in the rat. It was accompanied by a lower rate of excretion of osmotically active solutes in the former than in the latter. The rate of excretion of creatinine in rats was fourfold that in birds.3. After urea administration, the amount of urea excreted by the fowl was about one fifth that excreted by the rats. While urea produced in rats an osmotic diuresis, with enhanced excretion of osmotically active solutes, in birds it had little effect on either urine flow or solutes excretion.4. Administration of hydrochlorothiazide in rats produced a moderate antidiuresis accompanied by a marked increased excretion of Na and K; in birds, a small increase in the excretion of Na and K but no effect on the urine flow.5. The differences observed between rats and birds can be attributed to the poor development of filtration rate and the absence of a well developed counter-current system in the fowl.

摘要

通过胃管给大鼠和家禽单独或联合给予水、尿素和氢氯噻嗪，剂量如下：水，5毫升/100克；尿素，4毫升1.5%溶液 + 1毫升水/100克；氢氯噻嗪，4毫升1.5%尿素溶液 + 1毫升含0.1毫克氢氯噻嗪/100克。
家禽中水利尿的起始比大鼠更快。同时，前者中具有渗透活性溶质的排泄速率低于后者。大鼠中肌酐的排泄速率是鸟类的四倍。
给予尿素后，家禽排泄的尿素量约为大鼠排泄量的五分之一。虽然尿素在大鼠中产生渗透性利尿，伴有渗透活性溶质排泄增加，但在家禽中它对尿流或溶质排泄几乎没有影响。
在大鼠中给予氢氯噻嗪产生中度抗利尿作用，伴有钠和钾排泄显著增加；在家禽中，钠和钾排泄略有增加，但对尿流无影响。
在大鼠和家禽之间观察到的差异可归因于家禽中滤过率发育不良以及缺乏完善的逆流系统。