von Muhlendahl K E, Scherf-Rahne B, Krienke E G, Baukloh G
Lancet. 1976 Aug 7;2(7980):303-5. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)90749-2.
Clinical reports on 430 children with acute codeine intoxication are evaluated. Of 234 children who had taken more than 5 mg/kg body-weight, 8 had respiratroy arrest necessitating intubation and artificial ventilation; 2 of them died. In all other cases the intoxication produced one or more of the following symptoms: somnolence, ataxia, miosis, vomiting, rash, swelling, and itching of the skin, but no life-threatening side-effects. Close supervision of respiration is the main principle of management when more than 2 mg codeine/kg body-weight has been taken. Gastric voiding may be useful if done soon after ingestion. Charcoal and purgatives should be given in all cases.
对430例儿童急性可待因中毒的临床报告进行了评估。在234例服用超过5毫克/千克体重的儿童中，8例出现呼吸骤停，需要插管和人工通气；其中2例死亡。在所有其他病例中，中毒产生了以下一种或多种症状：嗜睡、共济失调、瞳孔缩小、呕吐、皮疹、皮肤肿胀和瘙痒，但没有危及生命的副作用。当服用超过2毫克/千克体重的可待因时，密切监测呼吸是主要的处理原则。如果在摄入后不久进行，洗胃可能有用。所有病例均应给予活性炭和泻药。
