Guntern G
Schweiz Arch Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr. 1977;121(1):97-113.
The follow-up study Alpendorf is presented as a paradigm for the observation of long-acting psycho-social stressors. Stressors can be observed directly or we infer to their existence from the observation of indicators of stress. There are methodological difficulties in differentiating stressors, indicators of stress and indicators of coping processes within a social field. The reductionist approach, which eliminates variables, is useful in the laboratory situation, it has, however, to be discarded in the investigations of a social field. Rapid social change in a mountain village of the Swiss Alps radically transformed the socio-economic basis and the socio-cultural super-structure, thus producing a field of stressors, leading to stress, observable on the level of the population. The amount of stress can be measured indirectly by the existence of indicators of stress: consumption of alcohol, alcoholism, psychosomatic symptoms and syndrome, consumption of drugs and tobacco, incidence and prevalence of neurotic and psychotic disorders, criminality.
阿尔彭多夫的后续研究被视为观察长期心理社会应激源的范例。应激源可以直接观察到，或者我们从压力指标的观察中推断其存在。在社会领域中区分应激源、压力指标和应对过程指标存在方法上的困难。简化论方法，即消除变量，在实验室情况下是有用的，然而，在社会领域的调查中必须摒弃。瑞士阿尔卑斯山区一个山村的快速社会变革从根本上改变了社会经济基础和社会文化上层建筑，从而产生了一个应激源领域，导致了在人群层面上可观察到的压力。压力的大小可以通过压力指标的存在来间接衡量：酒精消费、酗酒、心身症状和综合征、药物和烟草消费、神经症和精神障碍的发病率和患病率、犯罪率。
