Lowes G, Bitterman M E
Science. 1967 Jul 28;157(3787):455-7. doi: 10.1126/science.157.3787.455.
An experiment with goldfish showed the effects of change in amount of reward that are predicted from reinforcement theory. The performance of animals shifted from small to large reward improved gradually to the level of unshifted large-reward controls, while the performance of animals shifted from large to small reward remained at the large-reward level. The difference between these results and those obtained in analogous experiments with the rat suggests that reward functions differently in the instrumental learning of the two animals.
一项对金鱼进行的实验显示了强化理论所预测的奖励量变化的影响。从少量奖励转变为大量奖励的动物的表现逐渐提高到未转变的大量奖励对照组的水平，而从大量奖励转变为少量奖励的动物的表现则保持在大量奖励水平。这些结果与在对大鼠进行的类似实验中获得的结果之间的差异表明，奖励在这两种动物的工具性学习中的作用方式不同。
