Zacker J, Bard M
Am J Community Psychol. 1977 Dec;5(4):373-83. doi: 10.1007/BF00877941.
In a previous study uniform observational data were collected regarding family disputes managed by police officers; those data contradicted views commonly held by social scientists and by police about the roles of assaultiveness and alcohol use in these events. In the present study police officers employed systematic naturalistic observation during their interventions as third parties in disputes between nonfamily members as well as those between family members. Tentative conclusions about assaultiveness, based on the data of both studies, are that it: does not usually precede the arrival of police in such disputes; is associated with interpersonal closeness of the disputants; is associated with poverty rather than race; and is as likely in a middle-class small city as in a poor inner-city area. Tentative conclusions about the use of alcohol in police-managed interpersonal disputes are: that these disputes are not usually influenced by alcohol use; and that assaultiveness is not related to alcohol use in such disputes.
在之前的一项研究中，收集了关于警察处理的家庭纠纷的统一观察数据；这些数据与社会科学家和警察通常持有的关于攻击性和饮酒在这些事件中的作用的观点相矛盾。在本研究中，警察在作为非家庭成员之间以及家庭成员之间纠纷的第三方进行干预时，采用了系统的自然观察法。基于两项研究的数据，关于攻击性的初步结论是：在这类纠纷中，攻击性通常不会在警察到来之前出现；与纠纷双方的人际亲密度有关；与贫困而非种族有关；在中产阶级的小城市和贫困的市中心地区出现的可能性相同。关于在警察处理的人际纠纷中饮酒的初步结论是：这些纠纷通常不受饮酒的影响；在这类纠纷中，攻击性与饮酒无关。
