Murine cytomegalovirus-induced macrophage dysfunction.

Macrophages infected in vitro with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) manifest depressed phagocytic uptake of a variety of particles within hours after the initiation of infection. Analysis of kinetics of uptake of radiolabeled Staphylococcus aureus by MCMV-infected macrophages indicates that the diminished uptake results from a depression in the calculated maximum velocity of uptake (Vmax) with the apparent Michaelis constant (KM) remaining unaltered. This pattern of altered uptake is typical of that seen after manipulations that affect the surface interactions of macrophages with ingestible particles. Coincubation of macrophages and radiolabeled Staphylococcus with opsonizing antibody resulted in normalization of the phagocytic rates. The surface localization of the defective phagocytosis was further confirmed by light and scanning electron microscopy of the macrophages incubated with Staphylococcus or latex spherules. These data indicate that defective macrophage surface that interferes with the initial macrophage-particle interactions that initiate nonimmune phagocytosis.