Emrich H M
Psychiatr Dev. 1984 Summer;2(2):97-114.
The evidence for stress activation of endorphinergic systems suggests a physiological role in endogenous analgesic and anti-anxiety regulation which would provide a reserve in emergency situations. The possibility of involvement of these systems in psychiatric illness arises from the psychotogenic and anxiolytic properties of some opiates. The endorphin-excess and -deficiency hypotheses of schizophrenia are reviewed in the light of naloxone's small but statistically significant antipsychotic action, and the activation of endorphinergic systems in the course of neuroleptic therapy. The hypothesis that endorphinergic deficiency may be present in endogenous depression is reviewed. Although alterations in beta-endorphin immunoreactivity measured peripherally and in CNS have not been substantiated, therapeutic trials using a mu-receptor agonist have shown promise of a rapidly-acting antidepressant effect. ECT is accompanied by increases in plasma beta-endorphin immunoreactivity.
内啡肽能系统应激激活的证据表明其在内源性镇痛和抗焦虑调节中具有生理作用，这将在紧急情况下提供一种储备。这些系统参与精神疾病的可能性源于某些阿片类药物的致精神病性和抗焦虑特性。鉴于纳洛酮虽作用微小但具有统计学意义的抗精神病作用，以及在抗精神病药物治疗过程中内啡肽能系统的激活，对精神分裂症的内啡肽过量和缺乏假说进行了综述。对内源性抑郁症可能存在内啡肽能缺乏的假说进行了综述。尽管外周和中枢神经系统中β-内啡肽免疫反应性的改变尚未得到证实，但使用μ-受体激动剂的治疗试验已显示出快速起效的抗抑郁作用的前景。电休克治疗伴有血浆β-内啡肽免疫反应性的增加。
