Lindgren L, Saarnivaara L, Himberg J J
Br J Anaesth. 1980 Mar;52(3):283-90. doi: 10.1093/bja/52.3.283.
Triclofos 70 mg kg-1, diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and flunitrazepam 0.02 mg kg-1 all in combination with atropine 0.03 mg kg-1 were compared as oral premedicants in 128 children undergoing otolaryngological surgery in a double-blind study. All drugs provided good anxiolysis in children 5 yr and older. In children less than 5 yr, the effects of triclofos were superior to those of diazepam and flunitrazepam. There was a positive correlation between anxiolysis and the ease of induction of anaesthesia. In both age groups, flunitrazepam prevented the fasciculations caused by suxamethonium more effectively than did diazepam or triclofos. The preinduction heart rate after triclofos was greater than after the other drugs and its antisialagogue effect was superior. The mean volume of gastric contents was 0.4 ml kg-1 for all the patients with no statistically significant difference between the groups. The mean pH of gastric contents was 4.5 after triclofos and 2.2 after other drugs. The serum concentration of both benzodiazepines in the older age group was greater than in the younger age group.
在一项双盲研究中，对128例接受耳鼻喉科手术的儿童，比较了三氯福司70毫克/千克、地西泮0.25毫克/千克和氟硝西泮0.02毫克/千克联合阿托品0.03毫克/千克作为口服术前用药的效果。所有药物对5岁及以上儿童均有良好的抗焦虑作用。在5岁以下儿童中，三氯福司的效果优于地西泮和氟硝西泮。抗焦虑作用与麻醉诱导的难易程度呈正相关。在两个年龄组中，氟硝西泮预防琥珀胆碱引起的肌束震颤比地西泮或三氯福司更有效。三氯福司用药后诱导前心率高于其他药物，其抑制唾液分泌的作用更强。所有患者胃内容物平均体积为0.4毫升/千克，各组间无统计学显著差异。三氯福司用药后胃内容物平均pH值为4.5，其他药物用药后为2.2。老年组两种苯二氮䓬类药物的血清浓度均高于年轻组。
