Lindgren L, Saarnivaara L, Himberg J J
Br J Anaesth. 1979 Apr;51(4):321-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/51.4.321.
Pethidine 1 mg kg-1, diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and flunitrazepam 0.02 mg kg-1 i.m. wer compared as premedicants in a double-blind study in 145 children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Both flunitrazepam and pethidine had an anxiolytic effect in the children of less than 5 yr whereas diazepam had little effect. All of the drugs were anxiolytic in the children aged 5 yr and older. Sleep following thiopentone was restless more often in the younger than in the older children. Cardiovascular responses to thiopentone and to tracheal intubation were most obvious following benzodiazepines in children of less than 5 yr. After anaesthesia 10--33% of the older children could not recall pictures shown to them before anaesthesia. Forty-five (+/-SD 13) min after injection, the concentration of diazepam in serum was similar in both age groups; after 90 min it decreased in the younger and increased in the older children. All concentrations of flunitrazepam were significantly greater in the older compared with the younger children.
在一项双盲研究中，对145名接受耳鼻喉科手术的儿童，比较了肌肉注射1毫克/千克哌替啶、0.25毫克/千克地西泮和0.02毫克/千克氟硝西泮作为术前用药的效果。氟硝西泮和哌替啶对5岁以下儿童均有抗焦虑作用，而地西泮作用甚微。所有药物对5岁及以上儿童均有抗焦虑作用。与年长儿童相比，年幼儿童在硫喷妥钠诱导睡眠后更易出现躁动。5岁以下儿童在使用苯二氮䓬类药物后，对硫喷妥钠和气管插管的心血管反应最为明显。麻醉后，10% - 33%的年长儿童记不起麻醉前给他们看的图片。注射后45（±标准差13）分钟，两个年龄组血清中的地西泮浓度相似；90分钟后，年幼儿童体内浓度下降，年长儿童体内浓度上升。与年幼儿童相比，年长儿童体内氟硝西泮的所有浓度均显著更高。
