Sommer A, Tarwotjo I, Hussaini G, Susanto D, Soegiharto T
Lancet. 1981 Jun 27;1(8235):1407-8. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92581-2.
4595 pre-school-age children in six villages of West Java were examined every 3 months. The incidence of active corneal xerophthalmia was 5 per 1000 per year (95% confidence limits, 2.6-7.5), and the average prevalence during each round of examinations was 12 per 10000. In a randomised, multistage cluster survey of 27084 rural children throughout Indonesia the population-weighted prevalence of active corneal disease among pre-school-age children was 6.4 per 10000 (95% confidence limits 3.2-9.6), 53% of that in the longitudinal study areas. At an adjusted incidence rate of 2.7 per 1000 per year, over 60000 Indonesian children become xerophthalmic every year. By extrapolation of these findings about 500000 new cases of xerophthalmia, half of which lead to blindness, occur each year in India, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Indonesia combined.
西爪哇省六个村庄的4595名学龄前儿童每三个月接受一次检查。活动性角膜干燥症的发病率为每年千分之五（95%置信区间为2.6 - 7.5），每轮检查期间的平均患病率为万分之十二。在一项对印度尼西亚全国27084名农村儿童进行的随机多阶段整群调查中，学龄前儿童活动性角膜疾病的人口加权患病率为万分之六点四（95%置信区间为3.2 - 9.6），是纵向研究地区患病率的53%。按照每年千分之二点七的调整发病率计算，每年有超过60000名印度尼西亚儿童患干眼病。根据这些研究结果推断，印度、孟加拉国、菲律宾和印度尼西亚每年合计约有500000例新的干眼病病例，其中一半会导致失明。
