Rat brain monoamine levels related to behavioral assessment.

Randomly selected adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats exhibit a range of behaviors in an open field. Exploration without defecation or urination is interpreted as stable behavior. On the basis of their open field behavior we selected the five most "emotional" and five most "stable" rats from two separate groups of thirty rats. Norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5HT) levels were determined in brains from these ten "emotional" and ten "stable" rats. The NE levels of "emotional" rats were elevated about 60 ng/g relative to the "stable" rats. There was no difference in DA levels, but there appeared to be a trend toward elevation of 5HT levels in the "emotional" rats. These findings directly support the hypothesis that elevated central nervous system norepinephrine levels may reflect a factor which contributes to emotionality in the rat, and suggest that brain norepinephrine levels may be a biochemical mechanism which influences performance as seen with the commonly used open field behavioral test of emotionality.