Harris B H, Webb H W, Wilkinson A H, Stevens P S
J Pediatr Surg. 1982 Dec;17(6):950-2. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(82)80473-9.
In 15 negative explorations for unilateral cryptorchidism, inspection of the contralateral scrotum revealed a "bell-clapper" deformity in 13 patients. Since the descent of the testis is influenced by the gubernaculum and gubernacular abnormalities are usually bilateral, the data suggest that an inadequate gubernaculum is associated with most instances of antenatal and postnatal torsion. Unilateral absence of the testis is a form of this syndrome; congenital monorchidism is probably due to antenatal torsion rather than hypoplasia or agenesis. When monorchidism is confirmed at operation, exploration and suture fixation of the contralateral testis at the same procedure is recommended to protect the solitary testis from future torsion.
