Hetzel B S
Lancet. 1983 Nov 12;2(8359):1126-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)90636-0.
Disorders resulting from severe iodine deficiency affect more than 400 million people in Asia alone. These disorders include stillbirths, abortions, and congenital anomalies; endemic cretinism, characterised most commonly by mental deficiency, deaf mutism, and spastic diplegia and lesser degrees of neurological defect related to fetal iodine deficiency; and impaired mental function in children and adults with goitre associated with subnormal concentrations of circulating thyroxine. Use of the term iodine deficiency disorders, instead of "goitre", would help to bridge the serious gap between knowledge and its application. Iodised salt and iodised oil (by injection or by mouth) are suitable for the correction of iodine deficiency on a mass scale. A single dose of iodised oil can correct severe iodine deficiency for 3-5 years. Iodised oil offers a satisfactory immediate measure for primary care services until an iodised salt programme can be implemented. The complete eradication of iodine deficiency is therefore feasible within 5-10 years.
仅在亚洲，严重碘缺乏导致的疾病就影响着超过4亿人。这些疾病包括死产、流产和先天性异常；地方性克汀病，其最常见的特征是智力缺陷、聋哑症和痉挛性双侧瘫，以及与胎儿碘缺乏相关的程度较轻的神经缺陷；还有甲状腺肿患儿和成人的智力功能受损，这与循环甲状腺素浓度低于正常水平有关。使用“碘缺乏病”这一术语，而非“甲状腺肿”，将有助于弥合知识与应用之间的严重差距。碘盐和碘油（通过注射或口服）适用于大规模纠正碘缺乏。单剂量碘油可纠正严重碘缺乏3至5年。在碘盐计划实施之前，碘油为初级保健服务提供了令人满意的即时措施。因此，在5至10年内彻底消除碘缺乏是可行的。
