Lucey M R, Fairclough P D, Wass J A, Kwasowski P, Medbak S, Webb J, Rees L H
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1984 Sep;21(3):209-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1984.tb03461.x.
We have studied the effect of direct infusion of nutrients into the duodenum of normal subjects on circulating plasma somatostatin, insulin, gastrin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels. Six normal subjects were given on four separate occasions 150 ml of isotonic solutions containing 100 calories of carbohydrate, protein, or fat, and a control solution of saline, by infusion into the second part of the duodenum. Plasma somatostatin rose slightly after carbohydrate, mean basal 30 +/- 3 pg/ml, peak 46 +/- 16 pg/ml at 15 min; and more markedly after protein, peak 57 +/- 9 pg/ml at 30 min. However, fat was the most potent intraduodenal stimulus to plasma somatostatin release into circulation, peak 101 +/- 11 pg/ml at 30 min. The plasma insulin rise was greatest after carbohydrate, peak 68 +/- 10 i.u., but there was a significant rise after protein also, peak 34 +/- 6 i.u. Plasma gastrin rose significantly after protein only, peak 70 +/- 22 pg/ml. Plasma GIP rose markedly after carbohydrate, basal 506 +/- 50 pg/ml, peak 1480 +/- 120 pg/ml. Protein was also a potent stimulus of circulating plasma GIP release, peak 1200 +/- 190 pg/ml, while fat was the least potent, peak 730 +/- 190 pg/ml. Thus, calorie for calorie, fat is the most potent intraduodenal nutrient stimulus of circulating somatostatin. We postulate therefore that somatostatin may be an enterogastrone--a circulating hormone released by intraduodenal fat which inhibits gastric acid secretion. Fat is the least potent intraduodenal nutrient stimulus of circulating GIP release. This is evidence against the hypothesis that circulating GIP acts as an enterogastrone.
我们研究了将营养物质直接输注到正常受试者十二指肠中对循环血浆生长抑素、胰岛素、胃泌素和胃抑制多肽（GIP）水平的影响。六名正常受试者在四个不同的时间分别接受通过输注到十二指肠第二部的150毫升等渗溶液，这些溶液分别含有100卡路里的碳水化合物、蛋白质或脂肪，以及一种生理盐水对照溶液。输注碳水化合物后血浆生长抑素略有上升，基础平均值为30±3皮克/毫升，15分钟时峰值为46±16皮克/毫升；输注蛋白质后上升更明显，30分钟时峰值为57±9皮克/毫升。然而，脂肪是十二指肠内刺激血浆生长抑素释放进入循环的最有效物质，30分钟时峰值为101±11皮克/毫升。输注碳水化合物后血浆胰岛素上升幅度最大，峰值为68±10国际单位，但输注蛋白质后也有显著上升，峰值为34±6国际单位。仅在输注蛋白质后血浆胃泌素显著上升，峰值为70±22皮克/毫升。输注碳水化合物后血浆GIP显著上升，基础值为506±50皮克/毫升，峰值为1480±120皮克/毫升。蛋白质也是循环血浆GIP释放的有效刺激物，峰值为1200±190皮克/毫升，而脂肪的刺激作用最小，峰值为730±190皮克/毫升。因此，按热量计算，脂肪是十二指肠内刺激循环生长抑素的最有效营养物质。因此我们推测生长抑素可能是一种肠抑胃素——一种由十二指肠内脂肪释放的循环激素，可抑制胃酸分泌。脂肪是十二指肠内刺激循环GIP释放的最无效营养物质。这是反对循环GIP作为肠抑胃素这一假说的证据。
