Paivio A, te Linde J
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1980 Nov;6(4):652-61. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.6.4.652.
Symbolic comparisons of object brightness and color were investigated in two experiments using words and outline drawings as stimuli. Both experiments yielded orderly symbolic distance effects. Contrary to prediction, no reliable picture advantages emerged. For color comparison, individual differences in word fluency and color memory predicted decision time with word stimuli. These results contrast sharply with those of previous comparison studies involving concrete dimensions. The results are discussed in terms of dual-coding theory and the role of verbal mechanisms in memory for object color.
在两项实验中，使用单词和轮廓图作为刺激物，对物体亮度和颜色的符号比较进行了研究。两项实验均产生了有序的符号距离效应。与预测相反，没有出现可靠的图片优势。对于颜色比较，单词流畅性和颜色记忆方面的个体差异预测了单词刺激下的决策时间。这些结果与先前涉及具体维度的比较研究结果形成了鲜明对比。将根据双重编码理论以及语言机制在物体颜色记忆中的作用对结果进行讨论。
