Bosl G J, Lange P H, Nochomovitz L E, Goldmann A, Fraley E E, Rosai J, Johnson K, Kennedy B J
Cancer. 1981 Feb 1;47(3):572-6. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19810201)47:3<572::aid-cncr2820470324>3.0.co;2-u.
The serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alphafetoprotein (AFP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in 62 men with advanced nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular tumors. The HCG level was elevated in 64%, the AFP level in 67%, and the LDH level in 62%, including three of the six men with normal levels of the other two markers. At least one of these three markers was elevated in 91% of patients. Sustained or rising levels of HCG or AFP always were accompanied by persistent or recurrent tumor. Carcinoembryonic antigen was found not to be a useful marker in testicular cancer. Patients whose tumors contained yolk-sac elements always had elevated AFP levels, and patients with choriocarcinoma always had elevated levels of HCG. However, absence of these histologic types did not preclude elevations of the respective markers. Tumor markers are indispensable in the management of patients with testicular cancer, and several markers must be measured repeatedly if the greatest percentage of patients is to benefit.
对62例晚期非精原细胞性生殖细胞睾丸肿瘤患者的血清人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）、甲胎蛋白（AFP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和癌胚抗原（CEA）水平进行了检测。64%的患者HCG水平升高，67%的患者AFP水平升高，62%的患者LDH水平升高，其中包括另外两项标志物水平正常的6名患者中的3名。91%的患者至少有这三种标志物中的一种升高。HCG或AFP水平持续或升高总是伴随着肿瘤的持续或复发。癌胚抗原在睾丸癌中并非有用的标志物。肿瘤含有卵黄囊成分的患者AFP水平总是升高，绒癌患者HCG水平总是升高。然而，没有这些组织学类型并不排除相应标志物的升高。肿瘤标志物在睾丸癌患者的管理中不可或缺，如果要使最大比例的患者受益，必须反复检测几种标志物。
