Müller-Dietz H E
Clio Med. 1981 Apr;15(3-4):177-89.
The physician and philanthropist Friedrich Joseph Haass (1780--1853) is known as the 'holy doctor of Moscow'. There is only one biography about him, which is based on archive documents. This biography, however, needs to be corrected and completed. F.J. Haass was born in Münstereifel, he studied medicine in Cologne and Göttingen, and in 1806 went to Moscow where he practised as a family doctor. There he quickly gained appreciation and prosperity as physician. From 1807--1812 he was medical superintendent of the Paul-Hospital. His scientific work consisted of a study of the Croup and the mineral springs of the Caucasus. From 1825--26 he was 'town physician' (Stadtphysicus) of Moscow. In 1829 a committee aimed at the protection of prisoners was founded in Moscow, and Haass was called into this committee. Up to his death he saw as his main task charitable work for imprisoned and deported persons. He became medical superintendent of the hospitals for prisoners, and later (1844) of a hospital founded by himself for the homeless sick as well. Haass fought with all his power and all his property for the sick "wretched" people, for bondmen and debitors. He achieved several mitigations of the hard conditions of confinement and of the march to Siberia. The essential part of his struggles was confined to the human aid he could give in his direct surroundings. They did not, however, exert any influence on the despotic principles of jurisdiction and of the execution of punishment in Russia.
医生兼慈善家弗里德里希·约瑟夫·哈斯（1780 - 1853）被誉为“莫斯科的神圣医生”。关于他的传记仅有一部，且基于档案文件写成。然而，这部传记需要修正和完善。F.J. 哈斯出生于明斯特艾费尔，在科隆和哥廷根学习医学，1806年前往莫斯科，在那里担任家庭医生。在那里，他很快凭借医生的身份获得认可并走向成功。1807年至1812年，他担任保罗医院的医务主任。他的科研工作包括对格鲁布病和高加索矿泉的研究。1825年至1826年，他担任莫斯科的“市医”。1829年，莫斯科成立了一个旨在保护囚犯的委员会，哈斯被召入该委员会。直到去世，他都将为被监禁和被流放者开展慈善工作视为自己的主要任务。他成为了囚犯医院的医务主任，后来（1844年）还成为了他自己为无家可归的病人创办的一家医院的医务主任。哈斯竭尽全力、倾其所有为患病的“可怜人”、为奴隶和债务人奋斗。他成功减轻了监禁和被押往西伯利亚途中的艰苦条件。他斗争的主要部分局限于他能在直接周边环境中给予的人道主义援助。然而，这些努力并未对俄罗斯司法管辖和刑罚执行的专制原则产生任何影响。
