Qualitative characteristics of histamine release from human basophils by covalently cross-linked IgE.

We have studied the effects of permanent oligomers of human IgE produced using the cross-linking reagent, dimethyl suberimidate, on histamine release from human basophils. IgE dimers were found to be sufficient stimuli for both release and desensitization of these cells; monomeric IgE had no effect. Histamine release was augmented by deuterium oxide (D2O) in the medium, but D2O was not an absolute requirement to observe release. Desensitization by the dimeric IgE was specific in that the response to anti-IgE was not affected by preincubation of the leukocytes with the IgE dimer under suboptimal releasing conditions. IgE trimers and higher oligomers of IgE also caused both release and desensitization. IgE trimers were 3- to 4-fold more effective than IgE dimers with regard to the amount required for 50% histamine release. Dilution studies with monomeric IgE suggested that the difference was due to the presence of more "active" dimers in the trimeric IgE fractions. We conclude that dimeric IgE, by juxtaposing 2 receptors on the basophil membrane, is the "unit signal" for both release and desensitization of these cells.