Ellingson R J, Peters J F, Nelson B
Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1982 Jan;53(1):48-59. doi: 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90105-5.
Respiratory pauses (3-10 sec in duration), apnea (less than 10 sex in duration), and periodic respiration observed in thoracic respirograms were measured in 226 polysomnograms obtained on 17 normal infants during the first year of life. All subjects had one or more respiratory pauses in a majority of recordings; 35% had respiratory pauses in all recordings; 75% of respiratory pauses were associated with body movement. There is marked intersubject and even intrasubject variability in respiratory pause rates. The range of mean respiratory pause rates among subjects was 2.0 - 14.4/h, and for single recordings was 0.0 - 43.6/h. Their occurrence was directly related to the occurrence of periodic respiration. Rates were higher during REM and indeterminate sleep than during slow wave sleep. There was no significant trend toward increase or decrease in respiratory pause rate during the first year post term. Apnea occurred in only one of the 226 recordings (0.4%). Periodic respiration occurred in 8 of 17 subjects (47%), and in 25 of 226 recordings (11%). Its occurrence was unrelated to sleep stage. The following conclusions are considered valid on the basis of the data presented and reports in the literature: (1) Rates of respiratory interruption are higher before than after 40 weeks conceptional age. (2) There is considerable intersubject variability in rates of respiratory interruptions. (3) Respiratory pauses are common during sleep in normal human infants. (4) Respiratory pauses occur more frequently with movements than in their absence. (5) Respiratory pause rates are higher during REM sleep than during slow wave sleep. (6) Apneas of greater than 10-15 sec duration do occur in normal infants, but are rare. From the clinical viewpoint, respiratory pauses (less than 15 sec) of the central type, regardless of abundance, and periodic respiration cannot by themselves be used as evidence that a baby is at risk of anything. The occurrence of apneas (greater than 15 sec duration), especially if any are of the obstructive or mixed types (and perhaps respiratory pauses of the obstructive and mixed types), and/or if associated with bradycardia or decrease in oxygen saturation, indicate sleep apnea syndrome and suggest risk of sudden infant death.
在17名正常婴儿出生后第一年的226份多导睡眠图中，测量了胸部呼吸图中观察到的呼吸暂停（持续3 - 10秒）、呼吸停止（持续时间小于10秒）和周期性呼吸。所有受试者在大多数记录中都有一次或多次呼吸暂停；35%的受试者在所有记录中都有呼吸暂停；75%的呼吸暂停与身体运动有关。呼吸暂停发生率在受试者之间甚至同一受试者内部都有显著差异。受试者的平均呼吸暂停发生率范围为2.0 - 14.4次/小时，单次记录的范围为0.0 - 43.6次/小时。它们的发生与周期性呼吸的发生直接相关。快速眼动睡眠期和不确定睡眠期的发生率高于慢波睡眠期。足月儿出生后第一年呼吸暂停发生率没有显著的上升或下降趋势。226份记录中只有1份（0.4%）出现呼吸停止。17名受试者中有8名（47%）出现周期性呼吸，226份记录中有25份（11%）出现周期性呼吸。其发生与睡眠阶段无关。根据所提供的数据和文献报道，以下结论被认为是有效的：（1）孕龄40周之前的呼吸中断发生率高于40周之后。（2）呼吸中断发生率在受试者之间存在相当大的差异。（3）正常婴儿睡眠期间呼吸暂停很常见。（4）呼吸暂停在有身体运动时比没有运动时更频繁发生。（5）快速眼动睡眠期的呼吸暂停发生率高于慢波睡眠期。（6）正常婴儿确实会出现持续时间超过10 - 15秒的呼吸停止，但很少见。从临床角度来看，中枢性呼吸暂停（持续时间小于15秒），无论其发生率如何，以及周期性呼吸本身都不能作为婴儿有任何风险的证据。呼吸停止（持续时间大于15秒）的发生，特别是如果有任何阻塞性或混合性类型（也许还有阻塞性和混合性类型的呼吸暂停），和/或如果与心动过缓或血氧饱和度下降相关，则表明患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合征，并提示婴儿猝死风险。
