Shol'ts K F, Reznik G I, Mosolova I M, Kotel'nikova A V
Biokhimiia. 1982 Mar;47(3):447-54.
The effects of valinomycin, gramicidins A and S, melittin and the protonophore 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenmalononitrile on rat liver mitochondria and pea chloroplasts during active electron transport were studied. The canalogenes melittin and gramicidin S as well as gramicidin A and the protonophore increase the proton conductance of the inner mitochondrial membrane and chloroplast tylakoid membrane. The curve for the dependence of the canalogene effects on their concentration is S-shaped for both types of the organelles. Valinomycin reveals no protonophore activity and at high concentrations inhibits electron transport in both types of the coupling membranes. The uncoupling activity of gramicidin A and canalogenes and the inhibiting activity of valinomycin do not depend on the type of organelles when the concentration of these compounds is expressed as concentration in the membrane lipid matrix. At the same time the activity of the protonophore in chloroplasts is 6 times less than that in mitochondria. It is assumed that this difference in the protonophore activity is due to the differences in the mechanism of coupling of electron transport rather than to the peculiarities of lipid composition of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The lack of dependence of activity of peptide perminductors on the membrane lipid composition can probably be due to the fact that their effects is localized in the carbohydrate moiety of the lipid bilayer and does not involve the polar "heads" of the lipids.
研究了缬氨霉素、短杆菌肽A和S、蜂毒素以及质子载体3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基亚苄基丙二腈在电子传递活跃过程中对大鼠肝线粒体和豌豆叶绿体的影响。通道形成剂蜂毒素和短杆菌肽S以及短杆菌肽A和质子载体可增加线粒体内膜和叶绿体类囊体膜的质子传导性。通道形成剂效应与其浓度的依赖曲线在两种细胞器中均呈S形。缬氨霉素无质子载体活性，高浓度时抑制两种偶联膜中的电子传递。当以膜脂基质中的浓度表示这些化合物的浓度时，短杆菌肽A和通道形成剂的解偶联活性以及缬氨霉素的抑制活性不依赖于细胞器类型。同时，质子载体在叶绿体中的活性比在线粒体中的活性低6倍。据推测，质子载体活性的这种差异是由于电子传递偶联机制的差异，而非线粒体和叶绿体脂质组成的特殊性。肽通透诱导剂活性对膜脂组成缺乏依赖性可能是因为它们的作用定位于脂质双层的碳水化合物部分，而不涉及脂质的极性“头部”。
