Dzik W H, Alter H J
Am Fam Physician. 1982 Sep;26(3):135-42.
It is estimated that 200 million people worldwide, including 0.1 percent of the U.S. populations, are carriers of hepatitis B virus. The carrier state is defined as positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen for six or more months without additional features of acute or chronic infection. The risk of spreading hepatitis B virus depends on the infectivity of the carrier, the nature of exposure to the carrier and the susceptibility of the contact. At present, some types of exposure merit prophylaxis with immune globulin. A safe and effective vaccine is currently available and should markedly reduce the incidence of hepatitis B and its chronic sequelae.
据估计，全球有2亿人是乙肝病毒携带者，其中包括0.1%的美国人口。携带状态的定义为乙肝表面抗原呈阳性持续六个月或更长时间，且无急性或慢性感染的其他特征。乙肝病毒传播的风险取决于携带者的传染性、接触携带者的方式以及接触者的易感性。目前，某些类型的接触值得用免疫球蛋白进行预防。目前有一种安全有效的疫苗，应能显著降低乙肝及其慢性后遗症的发病率。
