Cohen S E, Parmelee A H, Sigman M, Beckwith L
Appl Res Ment Retard. 1982;3(3):265-78. doi: 10.1016/0270-3092(82)90019-4.
This paper highlights the research literature on neonatal risk factors and explores the paradox that these factors present. Clinical and retrospective studies indicate that children who have developmental problems have had birth complications. On the other hand, birth complications do not predict developmental problems. Data from a longitudinal study of preterm infants are presented. A group of 59 preterm infants from English Speaking homes was assessed repeatedly from birth to age 5. A significant percentage of the children performed within the normal range or above, at each assessment period. Obstetrical and postnatal complications were not significantly related to developmental performance at any assessment period yet sickness was not to be dismissed as a risk factor. At age five, all of the children who performed poorly had experienced complications in the neonatal period. Responsive caregiving appeared to be an important factor in modifying and supporting cognitive development.
本文重点介绍了有关新生儿风险因素的研究文献，并探讨了这些因素所呈现的悖论。临床研究和回顾性研究表明，有发育问题的儿童存在出生并发症。另一方面，出生并发症并不能预测发育问题。文中呈现了一项对早产儿的纵向研究数据。一组来自说英语家庭的59名早产儿从出生到5岁接受了多次评估。在每个评估阶段，相当大比例的儿童表现处于正常范围或以上。产科和产后并发症在任何评估阶段与发育表现均无显著关联，但疾病作为一个风险因素不容忽视。在5岁时，所有表现不佳的儿童在新生儿期都经历过并发症。积极的照料似乎是促进和支持认知发展的一个重要因素。
