Terry P B, Traystman R J, Newball H H, Batra G, Menkes H A
N Engl J Med. 1978 Jan 5;298(1):10-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197801052980103.
To determine whether collateral ventilation (defined as the ventilation of alveolar structures through passages or channels that bypass the normal airways) changes with age or emphysema, we compared the mechanics of collateral ventilation in seven young normal subjects, three old normal subjects and five patients with emphysema. In supine normal subjects at the end of a quiet expiration, resistance to airflow was greater through collateral channels than through bronchi and bronchioles. In emphysema, airways resistance could exceed collateral resistance, causing air to flow preferentially through collateral pathways. We conclude that high collateral resistance minimizes collateral airflow in supine normal subjects. When peripheral airways become obstructed or obliterated in emphysema, collateral channels may provide for more even distribution of ventilation.
为了确定侧支通气（定义为肺泡结构通过绕过正常气道的通道进行的通气）是否随年龄或肺气肿而变化，我们比较了7名年轻正常受试者、3名老年正常受试者和5名肺气肿患者的侧支通气机制。在安静呼气末的仰卧位正常受试者中，通过侧支通道的气流阻力大于通过支气管和细支气管的气流阻力。在肺气肿患者中，气道阻力可能超过侧支阻力，导致空气优先通过侧支途径流动。我们得出结论，高侧支阻力使仰卧位正常受试者的侧支气流最小化。当肺气肿患者的外周气道受阻或闭塞时，侧支通道可能有助于更均匀地分布通气。
