Gilmore G C, Royer F L, Gruhn J J
J Clin Psychol. 1983 Jan;39(1):114-24. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(198301)39:1<114::aid-jclp2270390122>3.0.co;2-6.
A decline in performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution test related to aging is well documented. There is no agreement on the reason for the decline, however. In part, the lack of consensus with regard to changes on the test may be attributed to the limitations imposed by comparing groups on a single performance measure. In the present study, three forms of a Symbol-Digit Substitution task that varied in difficulty level were administered to 125 persons between the ages of 30 and 92. On all forms there was a clear performance decline associated with age. The differences observed among the age groups were interpreted as evidence for a change in a sensorimotor component and in two information-processing operations: Symbol encoding and visual search.
与衰老相关的数字符号替换测试成绩下降已有充分记录。然而，对于成绩下降的原因尚无定论。部分原因在于，在单一成绩指标上比较不同组所带来的局限性，导致了关于该测试变化缺乏共识。在本研究中，对125名年龄在30岁至92岁之间的人进行了三种难度水平不同的符号 - 数字替换任务。在所有形式的测试中，成绩都明显随年龄下降。各年龄组之间观察到的差异被解释为感觉运动成分以及两种信息处理操作（符号编码和视觉搜索）发生变化的证据。
