Renal function studies in normal and toxemic pregnant sheep.

Renal blood and plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and maximal tubular transport of PAH (TmPAH) were measured in nonpregnant and twin-pregnant sheep. Twin-pregnant animals were studied during normal pregnancy as well as during ovine pregnancy toxemia artificially produced by starvation. All animals were surgically prepared with aortic, post caval and renal vein cannulas at least one week prior to experimentation. Total renal blood and plasma flow was found to be elevated during pregnancy, but if expressed on the basis of body weight no changes were noted. Starvation and the resultant development of hypoglycemia and hyperketonemia caused a 25-30% decline in renal blood and plasma flow. GFR in pregnant fed sheep (193 ml/min or 2.7 ml/kg.min) was significantly higher (P less than .001) than that of nonpregnant ewes (118 or 2.3 ml/kg min). During ovine pregnancy toxemia the GFR was significantly (P less than .001) diminished (142 ml/min or 2.0 ml/kg min). TmPAH also was significantly higher (179 mg/min or 2.5 mg/kg min) in pregnant animals when compared to nonpregnant ewes (98 mg/min or 1.9 mg/kg min.), but starvation had no effect on Tm PAH in pregnant sheep. It thus appears that a functional renal hypertrophy occurs during pregnancy which is similar to that which follows unilateral nephrectomy or renal disease. During ovine pregnancy toxemia the diminution of renal function probably results from the metabolic derangements and is thus not comparable to human preeclampsia.