Lundberg J M, Martling C R, Saria A, Folkers K, Rosell S
Neuroscience. 1983 Dec;10(4):1361-8. doi: 10.1016/0306-4522(83)90117-3.
Exposure of rats to smoke from one cigarette caused local oedema due to a marked increased in vascular permeability from the epiglottis down to bronchioli, as indicated by extravasation of Evans blue in the airway mucosa. The cigarette smoke-induced extravasation of Evans blue was still present after removal of the tar and nicotine content of the smoke, suggesting that chemical irritants in the vapour phase were the main mediators of the vascular permeability response. Local or systemic pretreatment with capsaicin or [D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11] SP, a substance P antagonist, abolished or significantly reduced the airway oedema induced by cigarette smoke or vagal nerve stimulation. No reduction of the cigarette smoke or vagally induced tracheal oedema was seen upon pretreatment with mepyramine plus cimetidine, fentanyl, disodiumchromoglycate, methylprednisolone or terbutaline. The results thus indicate that the cigarette smoke or vagally induced tracheal oedema is most likely to be due to substance P release from local capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons in the airway mucosa. Local administration of substance P antagonists may be considered as a pharmacological means of inhibiting local mucosal oedema in the airways caused by airway irritants such as cigarette smoke.
让大鼠暴露于一支香烟的烟雾中，会导致局部水肿，这是由于从上会厌到细支气管的血管通透性显著增加所致，气道黏膜中伊文思蓝外渗表明了这一点。去除烟雾中的焦油和尼古丁成分后，香烟烟雾诱导的伊文思蓝外渗仍然存在，这表明气相中的化学刺激物是血管通透性反应的主要介质。用辣椒素或P物质拮抗剂[D-精氨酸1、D-脯氨酸2、D-色氨酸7,9、亮氨酸11]进行局部或全身预处理，可消除或显著减轻香烟烟雾或迷走神经刺激诱导的气道水肿。用吡苄明加西咪替丁、芬太尼、色甘酸钠、甲基强的松龙或特布他林进行预处理，未见香烟烟雾或迷走神经诱导的气管水肿减轻。因此，结果表明，香烟烟雾或迷走神经诱导的气管水肿很可能是由于气道黏膜中对辣椒素敏感的局部传入神经元释放P物质所致。局部给予P物质拮抗剂可被视为一种药理学手段，用于抑制由香烟烟雾等气道刺激物引起的气道局部黏膜水肿。
