Newbill E T, Johns M E
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1983;19(1):1-25. doi: 10.3109/10408368309165758.
Despite the ever growing collection of data concerning the function of the immune system in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck, the precise mechanism by which these tumors effect the body's surveillance against foreign antigen is as yet unidentified. If these specific immunological characteristics of the cancer cell can be identified, laboratory analysis of these "markers" could lead to detection and treatment of cancer in its earliest stages. Included in this chapter is a review of the embryological development of the immune system, a description of the components of the immune system and their responses to invasion by tumor antigen. Measurements of immuno responsiveness of the individual are important in determining the pretreatment state of immuno-competence and in predicting prognosis following treatment. Measurements of T-lymphocyte functions and their response to immuno-manipulations can also aid in predicting which patients will benefit from immunotherapy. Finally, categorization of the multiple forms of immunotherapy including active, specific and non-specific, and adoptive mechanisms are discussed. More recent methods of related immunotherapy trials will also be mentioned. As of this writing, the trials of immunochemotherapy have not produced any conclusive results due to the lack of multi-institutional trials and limited quantities of immunotherapeutic agents for these clinical trials.
尽管关于头颈部表皮样癌患者免疫系统功能的数据不断增加，但这些肿瘤影响机体对外来抗原监测的精确机制尚未明确。如果能够识别癌细胞的这些特定免疫特征，对这些“标志物”进行实验室分析可能会在癌症的最早阶段实现检测和治疗。本章包括对免疫系统胚胎发育的综述、免疫系统组成及其对肿瘤抗原侵袭反应的描述。个体免疫反应性的测量对于确定免疫能力的预处理状态以及预测治疗后的预后很重要。T淋巴细胞功能及其对免疫操作反应的测量也有助于预测哪些患者将从免疫治疗中获益。最后，讨论了多种形式免疫治疗的分类，包括主动、特异性和非特异性以及过继机制。还将提及相关免疫治疗试验的最新方法。截至撰写本文时，由于缺乏多机构试验以及用于这些临床试验的免疫治疗药物数量有限，免疫化疗试验尚未产生任何确凿结果。
